Archives For Interpretation

In preparation for teaching an adult Sunday School class at my church tomorrow, Lord willing, I have been studying Exodus 15 repeatedly. I have found it helpful to put the entire text together as one unit, remove the verse numbers, and then divide it into ways that better help me to examine its content in more meaningful ways.

Exodus 15 Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the LORD, and spake, saying,

I will sing unto the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.

The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father’s God, and I will exalt him. The LORD is a man of war: the LORD is his name.

Pharaoh’s chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea. The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom as a stone.

Thy right hand, O LORD, is become glorious in power: thy right hand, O LORD, hath dashed in pieces the enemy. And in the greatness of thine excellency thou hast overthrown them that rose up against thee: thou sentest forth thy wrath, which consumed them as stubble. And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were gathered together, the floods stood upright as an heap, and the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea.

The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my lust shall be satisfied upon them; I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.

Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them: they sank as lead in the mighty waters. Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods? who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders? Thou stretchedst out thy right hand, the earth swallowed them. Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou hast redeemed: thou hast guided them in thy strength unto thy holy habitation.

The people shall hear, and be afraid: sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina. Then the dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty men of Moab, trembling shall take hold upon them; all the inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away.

Fear and dread shall fall upon them; by the greatness of thine arm they shall be as still as a stone; till thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over, which thou hast purchased. Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of thine inheritance, in the place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have established. The LORD shall reign for ever and ever.

For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea.

And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. And Miriam answered them,

Sing ye to the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

In his chapter God, My Heart, and Music in the book Worldliness: Resisting the Seduction of a Fallen World, Bob Kauflin writes,

Actually, it seems that God likes music of all kinds. No one style can sufficiently capture his glory or even begin to reflect the vastness of his wisdom, creativity, beauty, and order. That doesn’t mean some kinds of music aren’t more complex or beautiful than others. It just means no single genre of music is better than the rest in every way.

Tellingly, Kauflin offers no biblical support of his own for these statements. Instead, he offers as his support the teaching of another writer who offers no valid biblical support for his views.

False claims such as these (by Kauflin and others) about God and His supposedly liking “music of all kinds” is one of the chief reasons that we have the debacle that we have musically in the Church in our day.


For a lengthy discussion of the issues concerning the viewpoint of Tomlin and others who hold similar positions, see the comments on Sharper Iron in my thread God Likes Music of All Kinds.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

God has sovereignly determined and declared that there is only one pathway to salvation (John 14:6; Acts 4:12; etc.). Even as true believers acknowledge the sovereignty of God in salvation, many seem to me to reject the sovereignty of God in worship by rejecting that it could even be possible that He would accept some kinds of music in worship but reject other kinds of music.

Scripture provides revelation about God’s rejection of certain kinds of things in worship that by way of analogy justifies our holding that God similarly does not accept the use of all kinds of music in worship.

No Honey in Any Offering Made by Fire

Leviticus 2:11 No meat offering, which ye shall bring unto the LORD, shall be made with leaven: for ye shall burn no leaven, nor any honey, in any offering of the LORD made by fire.

In His sovereignty, God has rejected the burning of any honey in any offering of the Lord made by fire. He does not provide any explanation for this categorical rejection of the use of any honey in worship.

No Altars Made of Hewn Stone

Exodus 20:25 And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it.

In His sovereignty, God has rejected the use of any altars of stone that are made of hewn stones. He does not provide any explanation for this categorical rejection of the use of any altars made of hewn stones in worship.

Conclusion

Scripture reveals to us that God has sovereignly rejected any use of honey or altars made of hewn stone in worship. God has not revealed any bases for His rejection of these things in worship.

Because we have explicit biblical revelation that teaches us that there has never been any universal acceptance in worship of all kinds of animal products or manmade altars, we have biblical basis to hold that the same is true concerning any supposed universal acceptance in worship of all kinds of music. Those who wish to affirm that God does accept the use of all kinds of music in worship must provide biblical evidence that shows that He does so.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Three passages in Scripture plainly teach us the matchless superiority of godly wisdom versus worldly wisdom:

Genesis 41

Although Pharaoh consulted with all the magicians and wise men of Egypt, none of the Egyptian magicians or wise men had the wisdom that he sought for:

Genesis 41:8 And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.

After Joseph provided him with the wisdom that he had sought for (Gen. 41:25-32), Pharaoh acknowledged that there was no one who was as discreet and wise as Joseph was:

Genesis 41:38 And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is? 39 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art:

The wisdom that God gave to Joseph was incomparably superior to all the worldly wisdom of all of Egypt’s magicians and wise men!

First Kings 4

God gave Solomon exceedingly great wisdom:

1 Kings 4:29 And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea shore.

God through the inspired writer of First Kings made known the matchless superiority of the divine wisdom that He gave to Solomon versus the wisdom of all other people:

1 Kings 4:30 And Solomon’s wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt. 31 For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in all nations round about.

Daniel 1

God gave to Daniel and his three friends surpassing wisdom that made them uniquely excellent among all those whom the king examined after they had been brought before him:

Daniel 1:17 As for these four children, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams. 18 Now at the end of the days that the king had said he should bring them in, then the prince of the eunuchs brought them in before Nebuchadnezzar. 19 And the king communed with them; and among them all was found none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: therefore stood they before the king.

Strikingly, the Spirit reveals that the king found Daniel and his friends to be ten times better than all the occult wise men that were in his entire kingdom of Babylon:

Daniel 1:20 And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king enquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and astrologers that were in all his realm.

Application

God wants His people to accept that He gives matchless wisdom to those whom He specially chooses to be His own. When such people are devoted to Him through His working in their lives, their wisdom is surpassingly greater than all the wisdom of the world.

Consecrated believers must turn away from heeding all worldly wisdom in any area of their lives because their heeding any such wisdom is utterly unacceptable to God!


See also this closely related post: Divine Wisdom versus Occult Wisdom: Learning from a Vital Comparison.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Through my ongoing study of Romans 14:5, I recently wrote the following on a post on Sharper Iron about how Acts 2:46-47 and Acts 20:7 help explain Romans 14:5.

Comparing Acts 2:46-47 with Romans 14:5b and Acts 20:6-7 with Romans 14:5a shows the direct correspondence between these passages, respectively. Right after Pentecost, the Church was meeting every day for corporate worship:

Acts 2:46 And they, continuing daily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread from house to house, did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart, 47 Praising God, and having favour with all the people. And the Lord added to the church daily such as should be saved.

Romans 14:5b another esteemeth every day alike.

Later, however, we see that their practice was different:

Acts 20:6-7 And we sailed away from Philippi after the days of unleavened bread, and came unto them to Troas in five days; where we abode seven days. 7 And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight.

Romans 14:5a One man esteemeth one day above another:

Even though Paul and whoever else “we” in Acts 20:6 refers to were in Troas for seven days, Acts 20:7 reveals that they met on the first day of the week. Here, Scripture plainly shows apostolic practice that points to the special esteem and regard for corporate worship on the first day of the week.

The believers in Rome who held to the “every day alike” position supported their belief on information that they had received about the earliest practice of the Church. The other believers based their “one day above another” position on the later practice of Paul and others.

In such a situation of differing beliefs based on actual biblical information about differing, acceptable apostolic practice, the believers who held these differing positions were to be convinced in their own minds about which position to follow.

This approach is the only understanding [of the differing positions in Romans 14:5] that commends itself to me at this time.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

I have been studying Romans 14 a lot lately. Recently, I got the idea of using pie charts to help us better understand and apply the teaching of Romans 14 about key differing viewpoints among Christians to the key issue of how many “genres” of instrumental music are acceptable to God for use in corporate worship.

The charts in this post are possible representations of the differing viewpoints that Paul addresses in this chapter. I am not claiming that the details of these charts are necessarily exactly in keeping with what the passage reveals because it seems that there are some uncertainties about the specifics of his teaching.

Eat All Things or Eat Herbs?

The first differing viewpoint that Paul presents concerns what Christians believe that they may eat:

Romans 14:1 Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations. 2 For one believeth that he may eat all things: another, who is weak, eateth herbs.

Many seem to understand this teaching by Paul to mean what the following diagrams show:

Romans 14:2a For one believeth that he may eat all things:

Romans 14:2b another, who is weak, eateth herbs.

They hold that what Paul says indicates that some believe that they should partake of all things while others who are “weak in the faith” believe that they should only partake of a specified subset of all things that the others believe that they may eat.

A careful comparison of this teaching by Paul with other revelation in Scripture, however, shows that this understanding is faulty. Neither the ones who eat “all things” nor those who eat (only) “herbs,” in reality, eat the following:

Plant and animal products that are poisonous to humans, such as poisonous berries and mushrooms (cf. the inability to eat poisonous stew [2 Kings 4:40]);

Human flesh (Deut. 28:57), eating blood (Lev. 17:10; Acts 15:20), or eating “things strangled (Acts 15:20);

Things known to have been offered to idols (Rev. 2:14
);

Things that God did not create for humans to eat (thorns and thistles [Gen. 3:18]; grass [Ps. 104:14; Dan. 4]).

Taking into account these things that strong believers do not eat shows us that the correct understanding of “eat all things” in Romans 14:2 is the following:

Application

Romans 14:2 does not teach that strong believers eat all things in the sense that they eat all plant and animal products without any exceptions. There are many plant and animal products that are unfit for human consumption as foodstuffs—not consuming those things does not mean that one is “weak in the faith” (Rom. 14:1).

Many believers use Paul’s teaching in Romans 14:2 about strong believers eating “all things” to claim that teaching supports holding that all “genres” of instrumental music are acceptable to God for strong believers to use in corporate worship. Romans 14:2 does not support holding that viewpoint about the use of all “genres” of instrumental music in corporate worship because Romans 14:2 does not teach that strong believers eat all plant and animal products without exception.

Using Romans 14:2 as support for believing that believers who reject the use of certain “genres” of instrumental music in corporate worship are “weak in the faith” is a misinterpretation and misapplication of Scripture. A proper understanding of the teaching of Romans 14:1-2 and a proper application of that teaching shows that it is not true that Scripture supports holding that the use of all “genres” of instrumental music in corporate worship is acceptable to God.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

The following excerpt from my most recent post in a thread on Sharper Iron explains plainly what “eateth all things” in Romans 14:1-2 does not establish:

Scripture reveals that God created plant substances that He did not provide as food for humans, but they nonetheless are plant substances that humans can ingest.

Psalm 104:14 He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth;

In fact, God punished Nebuchadnezzar by making him to eat grass that was for oxen and not humans:

Daniel 5:21 And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will.

Some may try to argue against this point by setting forth that there are many grasses that are edible for humans. Even so, that does not change the fact that there are many that are not and never were intended to be food for humans.

Similarly, God’s punishment on man after the Fall included the following:

Genesis 3:18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;

This revelation contrasts the herb of the field that God commanded man to eat with the thorns and thistles that the ground would also bring forth. The implication is that God did not cause the ground to bring forth these thorns and thistles as food for humans. . . .

These biblical considerations . . . establish that God never intended eats “all things” in Romans 14:1-2 to be taken in any sort of unqualifiedly universal sense even for the eating of plant and animal products as foodstuffs in ordinary eating and drinking.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

In my previous post, I treated many passages concerning the biblical revelation about honey and the teaching of Romans 14. At least 19 additional verses in Scripture beyond the ones that I treated previously highlight the importance of honey in Scripture distinctively by speaking of God’s promise to bring His people into a land that flowed with milk and honey:

Exod. 3:8  And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites.

Exod. 3:17  And I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey.

Exod. 13:5  And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this service in this month.

Exod. 33:3  Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.

Lev. 20:24  But I have said unto you, Ye shall inherit their land, and I will give it unto you to possess it, a land that floweth with milk and honey: I am the LORD your God, which have separated you from other people.

Num. 13:27  And they told him, and said, We came unto the land whither thou sentest us, and surely it floweth with milk and honey; and this is the fruit of it.

Num. 14:8  If the LORD delight in us, then he will bring us into this land, and give it us; a land which floweth with milk and honey.

Num. 16:14  Moreover thou hast not brought us into a land that floweth with milk and honey, or given us inheritance of fields and vineyards: wilt thou put out the eyes of these men? we will not come up.

Deut. 6:3  Hear therefore, O Israel, and observe to do it; that it may be well with thee, and that ye may increase mightily, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath promised thee, in the land that floweth with milk and honey.

Deut. 11:9  And that ye may prolong your days in the land, which the LORD sware unto your fathers to give unto them and to their seed, a land that floweth with milk and honey.

Deut. 26:9  And he hath brought us into this place, and hath given us this land, even a land that floweth with milk and honey.

Deut. 26:15  Look down from thy holy habitation, from heaven, and bless thy people Israel, and the land which thou hast given us, as thou swarest unto our fathers, a land that floweth with milk and honey.

Deut. 27:3  And thou shalt write upon them all the words of this law, when thou art passed over, that thou mayest go in unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, a land that floweth with milk and honey; as the LORD God of thy fathers hath promised thee.

Deut. 31:20  For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat; then will they turn unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke me, and break my covenant.

Jos. 5:6  For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, till all the people that were men of war, which came out of Egypt, were consumed, because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD: unto whom the LORD sware that he would not shew them the land, which the LORD sware unto their fathers that he would give us, a land that floweth with milk and honey.

Jer. 11:5  That I may perform the oath which I have sworn unto your fathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey, as it is this day. Then answered I, and said, So be it, O LORD.

Jer. 32:22  And hast given them this land, which thou didst swear to their fathers to give them, a land flowing with milk and honey;

Ezek. 20:6  In the day that I lifted up mine hand unto them, to bring them forth of the land of Egypt into a land that I had espied for them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands:

Ezek. 20:15  Yet also I lifted up my hand unto them in the wilderness, that I would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands;

What’s more, Ezekiel 20:6 and 20:15 underscore that importance profoundly through revealing the divine declaration that the land that flowed with milk and honey that God spied out and promised that He would give them was the glory of all lands“!

Through direct divine declaration, we thus learn that God Himself made known that the Promised Land was glorious in His estimation above all other lands and that divinely extolled land was a land that flowed with honey.

We must carefully consider the relevance of this additional evidence in determining a right “understanding of what Romans 14 teaches about strong believers being the ones who ‘eats all things.'”

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

My latest post in my thread on Sharper Iron concerning foods, days, worship music, and the teaching of Romans 14:

“To further probe the teaching of Romans 14 concerning those who eat “all things” as being strong believers, examining what Scripture reveals about honey provides a biblical basis for establishing some relevant considerations.

A. Divinely provided use of honey as a foodstuff

Deut. 32:13 He made him ride on the high places of the earth, that he might eat the increase of the fields; and he made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flinty rock;

Ps. 81:16 He should have fed them also with the finest of the wheat: and with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied thee.

B. Divinely approved use of honey as a foodstuff

Prov. 24:13 My son, eat thou honey, because it is good; and the honeycomb, which is sweet to thy taste:

Prov. 25:16 Hast thou found honey? eat so much as is sufficient for thee, lest thou be filled therewith, and vomit it.

Isa. 7:15 Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good.

C. Prohibited consumption of honey [from an unacceptable source] as a foodstuff

Jdg. 14:8 And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion.

Jdg. 14:9 And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion.

D. Divine revelation warning against intemperate consumption of honey as a foodstuff

Prov. 25:16 Hast thou found honey? eat so much as is sufficient for thee, lest thou be filled therewith, and vomit it.

Prov. 25:27 It is not good to eat much honey: so for men to search their own glory is not glory.

E. Divinely prohibited use of honey in worship

Lev. 2:11 No meat offering, which ye shall bring unto the LORD, shall be made with leaven: for ye shall burn no leaven, nor any honey, in any offering of the LORD made by fire.

F. Sinful use of honey in idolatrous worship

Ezek. 16:19 My meat also which I gave thee, fine flour, and oil, and honey, wherewith I fed thee, thou hast even set it before them for a sweet savour: and thus it was, saith the Lord GOD.

How do these biblical points about honey inform our understanding of what Romans 14 teaches about strong believers being the ones who eat ‘all things’?”

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

I started a new discussion thread on Sharper Iron recently: “What Does Romans 14 Teach about Foods, Days, and Worship Music?” If you are interested in learning more about this subject, I encourage you to follow the discussion on Sharper Iron.

Below is my opening post in that thread.

I have been studying Romans 14 a lot lately. In this thread, I am interested in intensively exegetical and theological discussion about what Romans 14 teaches about foods, days, and worship music.

Paul begins his teaching by saying the following:

Romans 14:1 Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations. 2 For one believeth that he may eat all things: another, who is weak, eateth herbs.

Paul speaks of some who believe that they may “eat all things,” but others who are “weak in the faith” eat herbs. A sound handling of this teaching requires careful, thorough, biblical probing of this teaching.

When Paul says that some believe that they may eat all things, what is Paul actually teaching? To begin to answer this question properly, it is necessary to point out what Paul is not teaching.

When Paul says that some believe that may eat all things, he is not teaching that those who are not weak in the faith believe that they may eat all plant and animal substances whatever they may be, including even things that are known to be poisonous or otherwise unfit for human consumption as foods.

The teaching of Romans 14:1-2 does not show that Christians who do not eat plant and animal substances that are poisonous, etc. for human consumption are weak in the faith. Being strong “in the faith” does not entail that you believe that you may partake even of poisonous berries, mushrooms, etc.

Copyright © 2011-2025 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.