La Escala Cromática

September 28, 2012

La escala cromática es una escala básica de guitarra que cada guitarrista debe aprender. La escala se toca en las seis cuerdas al aire (a excepción de la segunda cuerda) y en los primeros cuatro trastes de cada cuerda.

La escala comienza en la sexta cuerda abierta. Después de tocar las notas en los primeros cuatro trastes de la sexta cuerda, la quinta cuerda se toca abierta, y así sucesivamente.

La imagen de la derecha muestra la escala cromática en el diapasón. La imagen izquierda muestra la partitura de lo que toque cuando toque la escala (la escala comienza con el tercer compás, después de dos compases iniciales).

Usted puede escuchar la escala tocando y práctica junto con él: La escala cromática (en el audio, dos compases iniciales proporcionan el tempo para la tocar de la escala).

Por favor, hágamelo saber si usted tiene algún problema escuchando el audio de la escala.

 

 

 

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

By using various capabilities of BibleWorks 7, Microsoft Office Word 2007, and Microsoft Excel 2007, I recently created a unique resource that should prove helpful for learning the Spanish vocabulary words with marked accents that occur 50 or more times in the Reina-Valera 1960 New Testament (R60NT).

Using BW7, I generated a list of the 25,733 words that occur in the R60NT and their frequencies. Pasting that list first into Word and then into Excel, I created a spreadsheet in Excel that listed all the words in one column and their frequencies in the next column.

Sorting that list by frequency, I produced a list of the 1186 words that occur 50 or more times. Using various macros that I created[i] in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.5 in Excel, I then identified the 259 words that have a marked accent on them.

Each word was then analyzed to determine the following:

—Length of the word

—Syllables in the word

—Diphthongs in the word

—Which vowel was accented and its exact location in the word

—Final letter, final two letters, final three letters, and final four letters of each word

By sorting this data, I produced the following listing of the words that categorizes and alphabetizes[ii] them by number of syllables, word length, accented syllable, vowel accented, and final letters (1-4, as applicable), respectively:

Analysis of Words with a Marked Accent That Occur 50 or More Times in the R60NT

One Syllable:

Letters Words Alphabetically by Accented Syllable, Vowel, and Final Letters
2 dé  sé mí sí tú;
él
3 más

 

Two Syllables:

2
3 acá noé iré qué así oyó;
día mía oíd mío río oír aún
4 judá allá dará hará será dirá está daré haré seré josé esté allí leví sacó echó dejó tomó miró juró pasó mató cayó huyó jehú;
cuál amán cuán joás amén país león amón saúl;
días míos ríos sólo cómo;
ésta éste
5 habrá podrá quedó mandó llegó habló halló llamó reinó entró sentó llevó;
labán harán serán verán dirán basán están jamás demás harás serás dirás atrás rubén quién belén botín simón varón según algún jesús;
dónde;
ángel árbol éstas éstos
6 saldrá pondrá tendrá vendrá pondré;
jordán moisés hebrón ningún;
cárcel
7 tendrán vendrán pondrás tendrás

 

Three Syllables:

4 aquí esaú oído
5 caerá josué subió salió abrió hirió murió envió;
había hacía decía tenía venía maría impío aarón;
seáis elías caído;
oídos
6 tomará estará lavará comerá morirá vivirá jehová traeré jericó durmió cubrió volvió habitó apartó;
canaán caerán además efraín cabrío faraón simeón nación visión;
hagáis estáis habéis sabéis tenéis haréis seréis habían decían tenían josías traído judíos impíos cuándo;
líbano límite músico número;
ídolos
7 llevará volverá enviaré neftalí entregó levantó comenzó;
estarán comerán jonatán capitán satanás tomarás también manasés después porción reunión absalón salomón corazón;
prójimo;
cámaras cántico séptimo jóvenes púrpura;
ángeles árboles
8 engendró preguntó destruyó;
benjamín;
tendréis;
príncipe
9 destruiré;
príncipes

 

Four Syllables:

6 isaías
7 edificó sucedió; alegría todavía oración
8 extendió;
profecía posesión;
comeréis jeremías zacarías;
altísimo espíritu;
imágenes ejército
9 levantará descendió respondió;
jerusalén aflicción bendición expiación maldición salvación;
levántate;
ejércitos apóstoles
10 discípulos
11 destrucción

 

Five Syllables:

8 ezequías
9 aconteció;
sabiduría;
sedequías;
acuérdate
10 generación;
tabernáculo; primogénito
11 congregación
12 levantándose

 

Six Syllables:

11 abominación

 

I hope that this resource will help me and others to master the vocabulary of the R60NT and thereby in some way better minister to Spanish-speaking people!

 


[i] These macros are revisions of macros that I had originally created (with much help from my brother-in-law, Dr. Satya Narimetla, to whom I am very indebted for his help with that project) several years ago in a similar study of all the accented words in the Greek New Testament.

[ii] The words are alphabetized in this “reverse” way: by the last letter, last two letters, last three letters, and last four letters, respectively (as applicable), and then by the starting letter.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Writing probably sometime between 85 and 95 AD, the apostle John penned at least eight “pastoral” epistles (3 John; Rev. 2:1-7; 8-11; 12-17; 18-29; 3:1-6; 7-13; 14-22).[1] Both from a canonical standpoint (they either constitute [3 John] or are found [Rev. 2-3] in the final two books of the Scripture in its present canonical order) or a chronological standpoint, these epistles comprise the pinnacle of God’s revelation that is specifically directed to those whom He has appointed to lead His churches (3 John 1, 9; Rev. 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14).

Because of the many disputes about the exact nature of the book of Revelation and about how it should be interpreted and applied, not a few pastors, teachers, and other church leaders have been dismissive at least to some extent of the theological value of John’s final seven epistles to these church leaders. Such an interpretive stance is a serious mistake and deprives them and their people of a wealth of theological and practical revelation, as demonstrated by the following brief survey of some theological insights provided by these epistles:

Theology Proper and Christology

Jesus profoundly emphasizes to the churches that the Father is still His God (3:12). He also stresses repeatedly that He is God’s judicial agent (e.g. 3:2 and 5). Both of these truths have received insufficient attention in contemporary theological thought, especially in works that are directed to pastors and their congregations.

Pneumatology

Jesus ends every epistle with a directive to heed what the Spirit is saying to the churches (2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22). These statements underscore the personality of the Spirit and His supervisory role over all the churches. Pastors must instruct their people diligently about these truths.

Angelology

Jesus speaks explicitly about the devil/Satan to three of the pastors (2:9, 10; 13 [2x]; 24) and warns of his work of persecuting them (2:10). Pastors who make light of the reality of possible direct satanic attack on them and their churches thus do not have a correct viewpoint about the Christian life.

Soteriology

Jesus reveals that the salvation of believers will only be complete when He will confess before His Father and before His angels that they have overcome (3:5). Pastors must challenge their people regularly about such aspects of the ultimate salvation of believers and what is necessary for receiving it.

Ecclesiology

Jesus confronts two of the seven pastors about their tolerating false teachers within their own churches (2:14; 20-23). Because the latter specifies that the pernicious influence of a false teacher was promoting fornication and the eating of things sacrificed unto idols among believers, it is clear that Jesus wants his leaders to be concerned not just with false teaching about “the gospel,” but also with false teaching that misleads believers about their morality and their exercise of Christian “liberty.”

Eschatology

Jesus sets forth a profound promise of international authority that He will give to those who overcome (2:26-27). Even more profoundly, He declares that He will grant to overcomers to sit with Him on His throne (3:21)! Lack of pastoral emphasis on such truths deprives believers of crucial God-intended motivators for them to overcome. Pastors must emphasize eschatological truths to their people, even as Christ does in each of these letters.

Based on this sampling of the vital theological and practical value of the final seven Johannine “pastoral” epistles, we should all be diligent to profit fully from them!



[1] Second John is likely also such an epistle.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

I have been studying Spanish musical terms and resources fairly intensely for several weeks now. My latest Spanish guitar piece provides the melody of Oh Dios, socorro en el ayer in my revised number format. The song and an explanation of my revised format are available in this PDF.

I would appreciate feedback especially about any errors that might need to be corrected in the Spanish explanations of the format of the piece.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

"The Reality of Injustice"

September 15, 2012

The truth is that injustice is a reality in this world. Leaders often make unjust laws. Judges often issue unjust decisions. Crooked deals are made in political chambers and courtrooms alike. The hands of leaders are too often filled with violence, not justice. The sad truth is that this is the case not only in the civil sphere but also in the church. The church is not beyond the influence of unjust politics or self-serving injustice. Injustice is a reality.

Injustice, like all sin, is not a superficial problem of a few wrong decisions here and there. Injustice, like all sin, is systemic in nature. It is the fruit of fallen human nature. Injustice is rooted in the human heart when that heart is still in the womb (see 51:5). It only takes the right conditions for the seeds of injustice in our own hearts to produce that hideous fruit. So while we are grieved at injustice in the world, we are not surprised . . .

Injustice will be avenged one day, not by us as humans but by God himself . . . On that day we will experience in fullness the truth that it does pay to live for God because God is the just judge of all the earth.

This day of ultimate judgment still lies in the future (Rev. 20:11-15). Until this day comes, the unjust can repent and find mercy and grace to experience the forgiveness of their sin. The delay of God’s justice demonstrates his kindness, tolerance, and patience, which are intended to lead the unjust to repentance.

As those who have repented and experienced the love of God in Christ, we now live to see justice established in this world to the degree that it is possible. We begin by rooting injustice out of our own hearts, homes, and churches, so that we will be fair and compassionate in all our dealings, even as our Father in heaven is fair and compassionate.

—Comments on Psalm 58:1-5 by Mark D. Futato, The Book of Psalms in Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, 7:201-202.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

With a little more than 3 ½ months to go in 2012, I have made it through the book of Psalms 15 times. Today, I finished going through the Psalms in the LXX.

I am also nearly halfway done reading through the book again in English. After I finish that reading, I will need to read through the book 9 more times this year to reach my goals of 25 times through the Psalms in 2012 and 50 times overall.

I hope to set aside one day later this year, probably on a Saturday, and read through the whole book on that day. As God directs, I am also thinking of trying to read through the book in Spanish once by the end of the year.

Praise God for this marvelous book!

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Evangelist Robert L. Sumner, in his book The Wonder of the Word of God, tells of a man in Kansas City who was severely injured in an explosion. His face was badly disfigured, and he lost his eyesight as well as both hands. He had just become a Christian when the accident happened, and one of his greatest disappointments was that he could no longer read the Bible. Then he heard about a lady in England who read braille with her lips. Hoping to do the same, he sent for some books of the Bible in braille. But he discovered that the nerve endings in his lips had been too badly damaged to distinguish the characters. One day, as he brought one of the braille pages to his lips, his tongue happened to touch a few of the raised characters and he could feel them. Like a flash he thought, “I can read the Bible using my tongue.” At the time Robert Sumner wrote his book, the man had read through the entire Bible four times. If he can do that, can you discipline yourself to read the Bible?

—Donald S. Whitney, Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life, 35; bold text is in italics in the original

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

For the instructional handouts in my Guitar for Spanish Ministry classes, I use non-copyrighted tunes from several hymnals. I’m in the process of compiling information about these tunes and analyzing them to determine which ones are the best ones to use with my students.

The following list provides the numbers for the 247 non-copyrighted tunes that I found in Himnos Majestuosos: Edición Revisada (by the alphabetized section headings in which they are found).

Adoración: 51; 54; 56; 59; 60; 61
Alabanza: 1; 3; 4; 5; 7; 8; 9; 11; 13; 15; 16; 18; 20; 27; 28; 30; 41; 43; 44
Arrepentimiento y Perdón: 348; 351; 352; 354; 355; 356
Consuelo: 480; 484
Coros: 585; 590
El Amor de Dios: 119; 120; 123; 128; 129; 130; 131; 134; 136
El Cielo: 557; 558; 559; 563
Entrega y Consagración: 360; 361; 364; 365; 368; 369; 370; 375; 376; 377; 378; 379; 380; 386; 389; 390; 394
Evangelismo y Misiones: 522; 524; 526; 527; 528; 530; 531; 536; 537
Fe y Confianzo: 399; 407; 408; 410; 411
Gratitud: 486; 487
Himnos Adicionales: 637; 638; 645
Jesucristo: 150; 155; 157; 160; 169; 175; 179; 181
La Batalla Espiritual: 567; 568; 571; 572;   573; 574; 578; 580
La Cruz: 228; 230; 231; 232; 235; 237; 241; 243
La Dirección y El Ciudado de Dios: 82; 89; 91; 92; 98; 106; 109; 111
La Gracia de Dios: 139; 140; 147; 148
La Invitación: 310; 312; 314; 315; 317; 319; 320; 321; 322; 324; 325; 328
La Majestad y El Poder de Dios: 69; 76
La Navidad: 186; 187; 188; 189; 191; 193; 194; 195; 196; 202; 205; 207; 209; 213; 214; 215; 216; 217; 219; 220; 221; 222; 224; 225
La Oración: 412; 413; 423; 425; 426; 428; 429; 430; 434
La Palabra de Dios: 282; 285; 286; 287
La Resurrección de Cristo: 256; 260
La Salvación: 335; 336; 338; 341; 346
La Sangre de Cristo: 244; 246; 248; 249; 250; 254
La Segunda Venida de Cristo: 264; 265; 273; 274; 275; 277
La Seguridad: 439; 444; 445; 446; 446; 447; 448; 450; 451; 455; 457; 459; 462;
La Trinidad: 63; 64; 66
La Vida en Cristo: 295; 297; 300; 301; 304
La Vida Eterna: 552; 553
Melodías: 607; 609; 612; 613
Ocasiones Especiales: 627; 630; 631; 632; 633;
Paz y Gozo: 465; 466; 467; 469; 471; 473; 474; 475
Servicio: 540; 542; 543; 546; 548
Testimonio: 490; 491; 492; 493; 494; 495; 497; 498; 504; 505; 507; 516; 517

 

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

The failure of the Israelites to drive out fully the Canaanites from the Promised Land (Judges 1:19; 21; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; cf. 34-35) led to their being judged by God:

2:1 And an angel of the LORD came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said, I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land which I sware unto your fathers; and I said, I will never break my covenant with you.

 2 And ye shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; ye shall throw down their altars: but ye have not obeyed my voice: why have ye done this?

 3 Wherefore I also said, I will not drive them out from before you; but they shall be as thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare unto you.

 4 And it came to pass, when the angel of the LORD spake these words unto all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice, and wept.

 5 And they called the name of that place Bochim: and they sacrificed there unto the LORD.

In this passage, the author of Judges records a statement by the Angel of the Lord that reveals a remarkable truth about God’s dealings with the nation of Israel.

A Remarkable Statement by the Angel of the Lord

The Angel of the Lord declared, “I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land which I sware unto your fathers” (2:1a-c).  Saying this, He revealed that He was the One who had sworn to their fathers to give them the Promised Land.

Moreover, the Angel of the Lord added that He had promised that He would never break “His covenant” with them (2:1d). To understand the full significance of these statements, we need to look closely at the preceding Scriptural record of God’s covenanting to give the land to the fathers.

The Preceding Scriptural Record about God’s Promising the Land to the Fathers

God covenanted with Abraham to give to him and to his seed the Promised Land (Gen. 15:18-21; 17:8; 24:7) and reiterated that promise to Isaac (26:3-5). Later, He promised the Land to Jacob and his seed (28:13-15; 35:12; cf. 48:4).

Joseph said that God swore to give the Land to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (50:24). God rehearsed with Moses how He had appeared to and covenanted with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to give them the Land (Exod. 6:2-8).

Moses is the first one to say explicitly that God swore to give the Land to the “fathers” of the Israelites (13:5). The same truth is communicated 23 more times  (Exod. 13:11; Num. 14:23; Deut. 1:8, 35; 4:31; 6:10, 18, 23; 7:12, 13; 8:1, 18; 9:5; 10:11; 11:9, 21; 26:3; 28:11; 30:20; 31:20; Jos. 1:6; 5:6; 21:43) before the statement in Judges 2:1, including four explicit references to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as the fathers to whom God made the promise (Deut. 1:8; 6:10; 9:5; 30:20).

Scripture thus provides us with at least 32 statements prior to Judges 2:1 about God’s swearing to give the Promised Land to the fathers of the Israelites whom the Angel of the Lord addressed (Judg. 2:1).

The Significance of No Preceding Revelation before Judges 2:1 about the Angel’s Promising the Land

Remarkably, however, not one of these prior statements specifically mentions that it was actually the Angel of the Lord who had sworn to the fathers to do so! Judges 2:1 thus supports our understanding that in every instance of the Lord’s appearing to or speaking to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to make that promise, it was the Angel of the Lord who appeared to them or spoke to them.

Although the Angel of the Lord, therefore, was God’s Agent in all those occasions, we are informed of that truth explicitly only in Judges 2:1. The comparison of Judges 2:1 with all the preceding Scriptural revelation about the same truth thus underscores the importance of the agency of the Angel of the Lord in a remarkable way by pointing out to us that His agency goes far beyond explicit statements of His appearing, speaking, or acting.

On how many other occasions in Scripture that we read of the Lord’s appearing to or talking with people or performing some other actions are we, therefore, supposed to understand similarly that it was actually the Angel of the Lord as God’s Agent who did so?

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

The "Sabbath" Psalms

August 29, 2012

Reading through the Psalms in the LXX, I discovered an interesting collection of six Psalms (24, 38, 48, 92, 93, 94) that I have termed “Sabbath” psalms because they all have references to days of the week that are based on the Sabbath day. It is interesting to ponder what significance these headings may have played for those who used the Septuagint as their Bible in the first century.

First day of the week:

KJV Psa 24:1 <A Psalm of David.> The earth is the LORD’S, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.

LXE Psa 24:1 <A Psalm for David on the first day of the week.> The earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof; the world, and all that dwell in it.

BGT Psa 23:1 ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ τῆς μιᾶς σαββάτων τοῦ κυρίου ἡ γῆ καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς ἡ οἰκουμένη καὶ πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ

NAU Psa 24:1 A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD’S, and all it contains, The world, and those who dwell in it.

  WTT Psa 24:1 לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר לַֽ֭יהוָה הָאָ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֑הּ תֵּ֜בֵ֗ל וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃

 

The Sabbath day:

KJV Psa 38:1 <A Psalm of David, to bring to remembrance.> O LORD, rebuke me not in thy wrath: neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure.

LXE Psa 38:1 <A Psalm of David for remembrance concerning the Sabbath-day.> O Lord, rebuke me not in thy wrath, neither chasten me in thine anger.

BGT Psa 37:1 ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ εἰς ἀνάμνησιν περὶ σαββάτου

NAU Psa 38:1 A Psalm of David, for a memorial. O LORD, rebuke me not in Your wrath, And chasten me not in Your burning anger.

  WTT Psa 38:1 מִזְמ֖וֹר לְדָוִ֣ד לְהַזְכִּֽיר׃

 

The second day of the week:

KJV Psa 48:1 <A Song and Psalm for the sons of Korah.> Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, in the mountain of his holiness.

LXE Psa 48:1 <A Psalm of praise for the sons of Core on the second day of the week.> Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, in his holy mountain.

BGT Psa 47:1 ψαλμὸς ᾠδῆς τοῖς υἱοῖς Κορε δευτέρᾳ σαββάτου

NAU Psa 48:1 A Song; a Psalm of the sons of Korah. Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised, In the city of our God, His holy mountain.

  WTT Psa 48:1 שִׁ֥יר מִ֜זְמוֹר לִבְנֵי־קֹֽרַח׃

 

The Sabbath day:

KJV Psa 92:1 <A Psalm or Song for the sabbath day.> It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High:

LXE Psa 92:1 <A Psalm of a Song for the Sabbath-day.> It is a good thing to give thanks to the Lord, and to sing praises to thy name, O thou Most High;

BGT Psa 91:1 ψαλμὸς ᾠδῆς εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ σαββάτου

NAU Psa 92:1 A Psalm, a Song for the Sabbath day. It is good to give thanks to the LORD And to sing praises to Your name, O Most High;

  WTT Psa 92:1 מִזְמ֥וֹר שִׁ֗יר לְי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃

 

The day before the Sabbath:

KJV Psa 93:1 The LORD reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; the LORD is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved.

LXE Psa 93:1 <For the day before the Sabbath, when the land was first inhabited, the praise of a Song by David.> The Lord reigns; he has clothed himself with honour: the Lord has clothed and girded himself with strength; for he has established the world, which shall not be moved.

BGT Psa 92:1 εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ προσαββάτου ὅτε κατῴκισται ἡ γῆ αἶνος ᾠδῆς τῷ Δαυιδ ὁ κύριος ἐβασίλευσεν εὐπρέπειαν ἐνεδύσατο ἐνεδύσατο κύριος δύναμιν καὶ περιεζώσατο καὶ γὰρ ἐστερέωσεν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἥτις οὐ σαλευθήσεται

NAU Psa 93:1 The LORD reigns, He is clothed with majesty; The LORD has clothed and girded Himself with strength; Indeed, the world is firmly established, it will not be moved.

  WTT Psa 93:1 יְהוָ֣ה מָלָךְ֘ גֵּא֪וּת לָ֫בֵ֥שׁ לָבֵ֣שׁ יְ֭הוָה עֹ֣ז הִתְאַזָּ֑ר אַף־תִּכּ֥וֹן תֵּ֜בֵ֗ל בַּל־תִּמּֽוֹט׃

 

The fourth day of the week:

KJV Psa 94:1 O LORD God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself.

LXE Psa 94:1 <A Psalm of David for the fourth day of the week.> The Lord is a God of vengeance; the God of vengeance has declared himself.

BGT Psa 93:1 ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ τετράδι σαββάτων ὁ θεὸς ἐκδικήσεων κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐκδικήσεων ἐπαρρησιάσατο

NAU Psa 94:1 O LORD, God of vengeance, God of vengeance, shine forth!

  WTT Psa 94:1 אֵל־נְקָמ֥וֹת יְהוָ֑ה אֵ֖ל נְקָמ֣וֹת הוֹפִֽיַע׃


See also my post What God Wants All His People to Do on His Day

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.