Although interpreters today extensively debate whether Revelation 3:10 is a promise of the Rapture, I believe that a straightforward reading of the text in its context provides a clear answer:

Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth.

Jesus’ Messages to the Seven Churches

 The glorified Jesus commanded the apostle John to write letters to seven churches in Asia Minor: Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea (Rev. 2-3). He directed John to write to “the angel of the church” in each city, which refers not to angelic beings but to the pastor of the each church (Rev. 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14).

Although it was addressed to a specific church, each letter was also for all the other churches in John’s day because it included the following statement: “He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches” (Rev. 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22). Furthermore, each letter is also for all churches of all time because saith is a present tense verb that communicates what the Spirit continues to this day to say to every church.

The Message to the Church in Philadelphia

The sixth letter begins by pointing the pastor of the church in Philadelphia to the unique authority of the glorified Jesus (Rev. 3:7). It then communicates Jesus’ knowledge of their deeds (Rev. 3:8a) and His directives to them to behold two realities, one concerning the present (Rev. 3:8b) and one concerning the future (Rev. 3:9).

A key promise (Rev. 3:10), a key declaration (Rev. 3:11a), and a key directive (Rev. 3:11b) comprise the teaching that pertains most directly to Rapture debate. The letter ends with a glorious promise to those who overcome (Rev. 3:12) and a command to everyone who has an ear to hear the Spirit’s message to all the churches (Rev. 3:13).

The Teaching of Revelation 3:10

Revelation 3:10 informs the pastor about what Jesus will do for him because he has persevered in keeping Jesus’ word:

Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth.

Jesus promised to keep him “from the hour of temptation,” a reference to a specific time that He explained would “come upon all the world.” The promise is one of exemption from that time when the entire world would experience that temptation.

Jesus also explained that this time would be a period when the entire world of people “that dwell upon the earth” would be tried. Here Jesus declared that all those who would suffer during that period would do so in a specific physical location (“upon the earth”).

The natural reading of all these statements points to a promise that exempts the pastor from that time of temptation because he would no longer be physically located among “all the world” of people “that dwell upon the earth” at that time!

Jesus was thus not saying that He would protect the pastor on the earth during that time while the rest of the world that also dwells on the earth would go through the hour of temptation. Instead, Jesus promised to keep him from that time that would try everyone in the world who then dwells upon the earth!

The Flow Thought from Revelation 3:10 to Revelation 3:11-13

Right after the statements in Revelation 3:10, Jesus said, “Behold, I come quickly” (Rev. 3:11a). The flow of thought communicates that the pastor was to look for His coming quickly to keep him from the time of temptation that the entire world of people that dwell on the earth will experience in that hour of temptation.

As he awaits Jesus’ return, the pastor would have to hold fast to what he had so that no man would take his crown (Rev. 3:11b). In the flow of thought, Jesus’ statements emphasize the importance of the pastor’s holding fast to his confidently looking for Jesus to come quickly to keep him from the time of temptation that will come on the entire world of people that dwell on the earth at that time.

Jesus’ subsequent promise to the pastor that he who overcomes would be a pillar in the temple of His God and never go out from it again (Rev. 3:12) fits perfectly in the above explanation of the flow of thought from Revelation 3:10 to Revelation 3:11. At the very time that all those who are on the earth go through the time of temptation, the ones who overcome will be with Jesus in the temple of His God!

They will be there because Jesus will have raptured them out of the earth to be with Him forever! Revelation 3:10 is clear teaching to all the churches of all time about the coming Rapture of the Church!

“Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown” (Rev. 3:11).

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Here is a PDF that provides the guitar music for playing My Country, ‘Tis of Thee  as a chord melody solo in the key of F.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Much evangelism today testifies exclusively to human sinfulness and to how God has provided a way for people to have their sins forgiven through the work of Jesus on the Cross. Based on the combined teaching of two key texts, I believe that such evangelism lacks testimony to a key cosmic element.

Peter’s Evangelistic Testimony about the Life of Christ

In his preaching of the gospel (Acts 15:7) to an unsaved centurion and many others, both of his household and of his close friends (Acts 10:27, 33), Peter testified key information about the life of Christ:

How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him (Acts 10:38).

Saying these words, Peter told these lost people how Jesus through the power that God gave Him healed all who were oppressed by the devil. He thus explained to these lost people that multitudes of people were not being oppressed by other sinful humans, but by the devil.

Peter then testified key truths about Jesus’ crucifixion, resurrection, and exaltation (Acts 10:39-42). Finally, he declared to them that all who believe in that Jesus receive forgiveness of their sins (Acts 10:43).

To be saved, his hearers would have had to believe not just about their own sinfulness because he testified to them about Jesus’ delivering humans from the sinful activities of an evil supernatural being. Moreover, they had to believe testimony not only about Jesus’ dying for them to save them, but also about Jesus’ dealings with the sinfulness of the devil before His death.

These lost people, therefore, were not given testimony exclusively about human sinfulness—Peter’s gospel message also emphasized to them the sinfulness of the devil and Jesus’ delivering people from the devil’s sinful actions. 

Paul’s Evangelistic Testimony about the Mission Christ Gave Him

Standing on trial before two unsaved authorities, King Agrippa and Festus (the Roman governor), as well as many other lost people (Acts 25:23), Paul testified to the mission that Christ gave him:

Act 26:15 And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest.

 16 But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will appear unto thee;

 17 Delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee,

 18 To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.

To these powerful lost people, Paul made known that Christ commissioned him to minister to lost Gentiles to turn them from darkness and the power of Satan. Saying this, Paul confronted those who were trying him with their own need of being delivered from the power that Satan was sinfully exercising over them to keep them in darkness!

Paul proceeded to witness to them also about the crucifixion, resurrection, and exaltation of Christ (Acts 26:19-23), just as Peter did before him to other lost people (Acts 10). He then declared how he desired that all the lost people who were present at his trial would become Christians (Acts 26:24-29)!

In his gospel preaching to many lost people on this occasion, Paul testified not just to human sinfulness but also to the sinful activities of the devil. He also spoke to them not just about Jesus’ death, but also of Jesus’ work of delivering people from Satan’s sinful activities through His sending Paul to minister to them to that end.

Conclusion

From these two accounts of apostolic evangelism, we learn that our evangelism needs to have a cosmic element to it—testimony to the sinfulness not just of humans, but also to the sinfulness of the devil, a supernatural being! Moreover, we need to testify not just about Jesus’ dying for people on the Cross but also about His delivering people through His other dealings with the sinfulness of Satan.

The gospel that we should give to others includes the good news that God through Jesus has dealt with the sinfulness of both humans and evil spirit beings! Let us follow Peter and Paul in evangelism by adding this key cosmic element to our witnessing.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

The Use of Habakkuk 2:4 in Galatians 3:11 and the Issue of Legalism Among the Galatians

The key text for our Sunday school series is Habakkuk 2:4. We have been examining biblical teaching in key passages to understand more about how those who are the just who live by faith have a faith that works.

The NT uses Habakkuk 2:4 three times (Rom. 1:17; Gal. 3:11; Heb. 10:38). Interestingly, the three books in which the noun faith occurs more than any other books in the NT are those same books: Romans (39x), Hebrews (32x), and Galatians (21x).

Introduction to Galatians

Paul preached to the Galatians as part of his gospel ministry on his first missionary journey (Acts 13-14). Notice how Paul ends his gospel message in a synagogue in Antioch of Pisida by using Habakkuk 1:5 to warn his hearers to accept the good news that justification is by faith in Jesus and not by the works of the Law (Acts 13:38-41)!

Later, Paul preached the gospel to some pagan idolaters in one of the cities of Galatia (Acts 14:15-17). Notice that his preaching the gospel to them corresponds to his later ministry to idolaters in Athens (Acts 17:16-31) and to his key testimony about his practice everywhere of challenging everyone to turn to God (Acts 26:20).

At the end of his missionary journey, Paul returned to Antioch (Acts 14:26-28). Acts 15:1-2 record the events that then took place that likely led to Paul’s writing the book of Galatians.

Paul probably wrote Galatians in about 49 AD or so, just before the Jerusalem Council, which we studied carefully from Acts 15. Galatians is one of the key books in Scripture about the gospel (Romans has the word 10x; Galatians has it 11x).

Its purpose is to refute legalism. The theme of the book is “grace as the basis for salvation” (New Testament Introduction, 6).

Paul wrote to deal with the Galatians because he was amazed at how soon after they had been saved they were being tempted to go after false teaching about the gospel (Gal. 1:6). Some false brethren (Gal. 2:4) had troubled them and were seeking to pervert the gospel of Christ (Gal. 1:7).

Introductory Considerations for Properly Understanding Galatians 3

Galatians 3 is one of the most important chapters about faith in Scripture: the word faith occurs 14x in the chapter and refers to genuine faith every time (only Heb. 11 has more occurrences – 24). Moreover, because 10 of the 11 occurrences of gospel in Galatians come before 3:11, we know that 3:11 comes in connection with intense teaching about the gospel (cf. esp. Gal. 3:8).

How then does Paul use Habakkuk 2:4 in Galatians 3:11 to refute legalism? To answer this question, we need to consider briefly the preceding teaching in Galatians 2:11-21.

Paul’s Confrontation of Peter Concerning Hypocrisy That Was Contrary to the Truth of the Gospel

Galatians 2:11-21 records Paul’s confronting Peter after he came to Antioch (Gal. 2:11). Because he feared certain men who came from James, Peter and others who were misled because of his influence were acting hypocritically in a way that was contrary to the truth of the gospel (Gal. 2:12-14).

To rebuke Peter, Paul explained the truth about how people are justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the Law (Gal. 2:15-19). He also emphasized that he (Paul) had died through the Law so that he might live to God (Gal. 2:19).

Strikingly, Paul then directly linked his justification by faith with his continuing living by faith (Gal. 2:20). He ends this section by emphasizing that he does not nullify the grace of God by holding that justification is through the Law because that would mean that Christ died needlessly (Gal. 2:21).

What Kind of Legalism is Galatians 3 Addressing?

Galatians 3 is certainly Pauline teaching that refutes legalism, but what kind of legalism is it addressing? Many today believe that Galatians 3:3 has in view legalism concerning sanctification.

Does Paul’s flow of thought in Galatians 3 that leads to his use of Habakkuk 2:4 in 3:11 support this belief? Many considerations about Galatians 3 argue against this belief.

First, Paul used very intense language (Gk. “O” [Gal. 3:1]; “foolish” [Gal. 3:1, 3] to refute a very severe error, which would not be fitting if he were dealing with an erroneous view concerning sanctification. Rather, he was rebuking the Galatians about their serious departure from vital teaching about justification by faith (Gal. 2:15-20).

Second, Paul’s subsequent argumentation in Galatians 3:1-14 does not support holding that he was addressing an error concerning sanctification in Galatians 3:3. It does not do so because the key truth that Paul focused on is how the Galatians received the Holy Spirit (Gal. 3:2; cf. 3:5, 14)—either it was through faith or it was through the works of the Law, but it was not both!

He then challenged them whether they were being perfected by the flesh after having begun in the Spirit (Gal. 3:3). Comparing what Paul says here with the issue that led to the Jerusalem Council proceedings (Acts 15:1, 4, and 5), we understand that when Paul spoke of their being perfected by the flesh, he had in mind that they would be circumcised after they had received the Spirit and then would be directed to keep the Law of Moses.

Furthermore, Paul challenged them about their suffering many things (Gal. 3:4), which does not fit with the view that he was dealing with legalism about sanctification—would there have been legalistic Christians who were actually persecuting these new believers for not having a right view of sanctification? No, clearly, Paul was talking about those who persecuted them because they had believed that they had been justified by faith without being circumcised and keeping the Law of Moses (cf. Acts 13:50; 14:2, 5, 19, 22).

The close parallel between Paul’s teaching in Galatians 3:5 and the apostles’ teaching at the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15:8, 12) shows that Paul was addressing the same error here that that Council would deal with a short time later. Just as the Council, of which Paul was a part, later conclusively concluded that the Gentiles were saved by faith without circumcision and keeping the works of the Law, so Paul argued for the same truth here (Gal. 3:5).

Paul then further supported that justification is by faith without the works of the Law by arguing for that truth from Scriptural teaching about Abraham’s reception of the gospel promise (Gen. 15:6; 12:3) when he was not circumcised and long before the Law had been given (Gal. 3:6-10). He then explained that the Law itself validates that justification is by faith today as it was with Abraham (Gal. 3:9-10).

Paul then cited Habakkuk 2:4 as conclusive and plain Scriptural evidence that no one is justified by the Law before God (Gal. 3:11). Note carefully that both here as well as in Romans 1:17 Paul removed the pronoun “his” that is in Habakkuk 2:4.

He then argued from Scripture that there is no possibility of mixing faith and the works of the Law (Gal. 3:12). Finally, he concluded this section by speaking of the redemption that Christ provides for us from the curse of the Law (which we never have or could have fulfilled) in order that in Him the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we would receive the Sprit through faith (Gal. 3:13-14).

Paul’s chiastic argument about reception of the Holy Spirit (Gal. 3:2, 14) teaches us that this whole section concerns reception of the Spirit when people are justified by faith (cf. Peter’s emphasis on Cornelius’ reception of the Spirit without any works)! Clearly, then, Galatians 3 is Pauline teaching concerning a legalistic approach to justification, not sanctification.

Conclusion

Those who are just by faith should actively combat those who try to distort the gospel truth that justification is by faith and not by the works of the Law. To do so, they must be solidly grounded in the truths that Paul teaches in Galatians 3.

Furthermore, our study of Galatians 3, including Paul’s use of Habakkuk 2:4 in Galatians 3:11, has shown that Paul was not correcting the Galatians in 3:3 about an erroneous view of Christian sanctification. The common practice in the Church today of using Galatians 3:3 as Scriptural support for calling other Christians “legalists” is therefore illegitimate, and we should not misuse this key text to justify our calling other believers “legalists.”


See the other lessons in this series here.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

The Relevance of Romans 1, 2, and 14 for A Faith That Works

In Part I of this lesson, we examined how Paul used Habakkuk 2:4 in Romans 1:17. In Part II, we consider the relevance that Romans 1, 2, and 14 have (when they are considered together) for our understanding of a faith that works.

Pauline Teaching about Faith in Romans 14

In Romans 14, Paul first challenges believers concerning their making unrighteous assessments about one another (Rom. 14:1-13). He then challenges them about not being an ungodly spiritual influence on others so that they are spiritually harmed (Rom. 14:13-23).

In both sections of Romans 14, Paul stresses the importance of faith. Speaking about receiving weak brethren “in the faith” (Rom. 14:1), he contrasts those who believe one way versus those who believe another concerning some debatable matters (Rom. 14:2). In the latter section, he underscores the need for faith on the part of any believer in everything that he does (Rom. 14:22-23).

The Importance of Romans 14:9

Romans 14:9 is central to Paul’s challenge to believers to stop judging one another and to stop regarding one another with contempt (Rom. 14:10-13a). In a crucial purpose statement, Paul explains that Christ died and rose again in order that “He might be Lord both of the dead and living (Rom. 14:9).

Because the death and the resurrection are the two central elements in Paul’s teaching about the gospel (1 Cor. 15:3-5), we have a vital statement here about the gospel—Christ experienced both key events for the purpose of becoming the God-exalted supreme judicial authority over all. Romans 14:10-12 confirms this interpretation by specifying that the aspect of being Lord over all that Paul has in mind here concerns who is authorized to assess all believers in those debatable areas (as well as in everything else).

He supports his teaching by citing Isaiah 45:23 as Scriptural teaching that all will bow the knee to God and confess to Him (Rom. 14:11). All of us, therefore, will give an account to God (Rom. 14:12).

Paul taught earlier in Romans that God will judge all through Jesus Christ (Rom. 2:16); the same truth is in view in Paul’s purpose statement here (Rom. 14:9) about the death and resurrection of the Christ! Because we all will give an account to Jesus one day, we must stop judging one another (Rom. 14:13).

Only someone who knows the secrets of each person’s heart can judge them righteously—Christ is that God-appointed Judge (Rom. 2:16)! We, therefore, must diligently concern ourselves with not harming others through what we choose to do in debatable areas of our Christian living (Rom. 14:13b).

Whatever we choose to do in such matters must be of faith (Rom. 14:23) because that is the only way we can please God with anything we do (cf. Heb. 11:6). If we do things that we are unsure whether they are right, we sin.

From Romans 1:1-2:16 and Romans 14, we understand that genuine faith in Jesus Christ displays itself in our stopping our judging others hypocritically (Rom. 2:1-5) or without authorization in debatable matters (Rom. 14:1-13) and in our diligence not to cause others spiritual harm through our choices and actions (Rom. 14:13-21). Those who are just by faith must believe that Jesus is the supreme judicial authority who will judge all people, both unbelievers and believers (Rom. 2:16; 14:9-11), and live their lives as believers who are ever mindful of that truth (cf. Rom. 14:13-23).

The Significance of Key Parallels between Acts 17 and Romans 1, 2, and 14

From our study of Acts 17 and Romans 1, 2, and 14, we note many key parallels between what Paul says in both places:

1. Testimony to God as Creator (Acts 17:24; Rom. 1:20)

2. Information about idolatry being wrong (Acts 17:29; Rom. 1:23-25)

3. Explanation about the connection of God’s withholding His judgment and repentance (Acts 17:30; Rom. 2:4-5)

4. Testimony to God’s appointed Day of Judgment as the reason people must repent (Acts 17:30-31; Rom. 2:5)

5. Testimony to God’s appointed Judge (Acts 17:31; Rom. 2:16)

6. Testimony to the relationship between the Resurrection of Jesus and His appointment to be the Judge of all (Acts 17:31; Rom. 2:16; 14:9)

7. Testimony to the gospel significance of Christ as the God-appointed Judge (Acts 17:18-20; cf. 17:30-31; Rom. 1:3-4; 1:16-18; 2:4-16)

These key parallels show that testimony to Christ as the God-appointed Judge was an important part of Paul’s gospel ministry to both unbelievers (Acts 17:30-31; Rom. 2:16) and believers (Rom. 2:16; 14:9-13)! The just who live by faith must have a faith that works by believing and testifying to these same truths to everyone, just as Paul did.


See all the lessons in this series here.

 

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Who are the ten most important writers of all time? Because of my faith in Jesus Christ, I believe that the nine writers of the books of the New Testament are the nine most important writers of all time.

I then rank one writer of the Old Testament as number ten. Finally, I group these ten most important writers into three groups, from the most important writers to those who are of progressively lesser importance.

My criteria for ranking these writers are the following (in the order of their importance):

1. Writing more than one genre of the New Testament books > writing only one genre of the New Testament books

2. Writing more than one New Testament book > writing only one New Testament book

3. Writing a longer New Testament book > writing a shorter New Testament book

4. New Testament writer > Old Testament writer

Group A

The three most important writers of all time are John, Luke, and Paul. Each contributed more to the New Testament writings than any of the other New Testament writers contributed.

(1) John

John is the only man to write three genres of New Testament books: The Gospel of John; First, Second, and Third John; Revelation. He also had the privilege of writing all five of the final books given to man by divine revelation.

(2) Luke

Luke is the only other person besides John who wrote more than one genre of New Testament books: the Gospel of Luke and the book of Acts. Unless Paul wrote the book of Hebrews, Luke also wrote more of the New Testament than any other writer did, including John.

(3) Paul

Paul wrote more New Testament books (13) than any other writer did. If he also wrote the book of Hebrews, as many believe he did, Paul would be the author of more of the New Testament than anyone else would be.

(For more on John and Paul, see Paul or John: A Noteworthy Comparison)

Group B

Four writers comprise the second most important group of writers of all time: Peter, Matthew, Mark, and the writer of Hebrews. Each of these writers wrote more of the New Testament than did any of the writers in Group C.

(4) Peter

Peter is the only writer in this group to have written more than one book. Many scholars believe that he also contributed heavily to the Gospel of Mark.

(5) Matthew

Matthew wrote the earliest of the four Gospels. Because it is also longer than the combined length of the Gospel of Mark and the book of Hebrews, I rank Matthew ahead of Mark and the writer of Hebrews.

(6) Mark

Mark wrote his Gospel based on information that he received from Peter. Many scholars also believe that he was the first to write a Gospel. Mark is more than twice the length of Hebrews.

(7) The Writer of Hebrews

We do not know with certainty who wrote the book of Hebrews. Whoever he was, he wrote one of the most profound books ever written. Hebrews is about three times the length of the book of James.

Group C

Three writers comprise the third most important group of writers of all time: James, Jude, and Moses. Two of these writers were New Testament writers, and the third is an Old Testament writer.

(8) James

Of the two New Testament writers who are not in Group A or B, James wrote a much longer book than Jude did. He also likely wrote the earliest written book of the New Testament.

(9) Jude

Jude was the second-to last writer of the books of the New Testament. His book is the shortest among the writings of those who only wrote one book of the New Testament.

(10) Moses

Moses is the only writer in the top ten who did not write any New Testament books. I rank him as the tenth most important writer because he wrote more of the Old Testament than anyone else did. Moses also wrote all five of the earliest books of the OT, which are foundational for all the rest of Scripture.

Discussion

I expect that many would disagree strongly with my rankings of the top three writers because they believe that Paul is the most important New Testament writer of all, which may be true.

What do you think?

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

The Use of Habakkuk 2:4 in Romans 1:17

For the final three weeks of our series, we will examine the three passages in the NT that use Habakkuk 2:4 (Rom. 1; Gal. 3; and Heb. 10). Today, we consider its use in Romans 1:17.

In Part I of this lesson, we will treat the first 48 verses of Romans in this lesson. In Part II, we will examine key related teaching in Romans 14. Doing so, we will discover that Paul’s teaching in Romans correlates directly with key elements of his evangelistic ministry in Athens (Acts 17).

Introductory Aspects of Romans 1:1-2:16

Romans 1:1-2:16 comprises 48 verses that may be considered a unit for two reasons:

(1) The section begins with explicit teaching about the gospel (Rom. 1:1ff.) and ends with another explicit statement about the gospel (Rom. 2:16). Three other references to the gospel (Rom. 1:9, 15, 16) in this section show that the gospel is a key aspect of this section.

(2) The section features at least thirteen clear statements about God as judge (Rom. 1:18, 24, 26, 28, 32; 2:2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 16). Of these, 2:16 is particularly relevant for our series.

The extensive focus on both the gospel and God as judge in this section signal to us the need to consider closely how Paul relates these two truths here.

Romans 1:1-7

Paul begins Romans by explaining his calling to minister the gospel of God (Rom. 1:1-5). He declares that God promised the gospel beforehand in His holy Scriptures through His prophets (Rom. 1:1-2).

The gospel message concerns God’s Son (“His Son” [Rom. 1:3a]), which shows that it is a message about the One who is uniquely related to God the Father. Paul then declares two key truths about His Son (Rom. 1:3b-4).

Read the full article here.


See all the lessons in this series here.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Pauline Evangelism in Acts 24, 26, and 28

Having examined Pauline evangelism in Acts 17 at length last week, this week we look at it from the records of his ministry in the final chapters of Acts. Comparing all the accounts, we confirm the validity of the previous observations that we have made.

Paul before Felix

A common element in Paul’s defenses recorded by Luke is his emphasis on his being on trial for “the hope and resurrection of the dead” (Acts 23:6; 24:15; 25:19; 26:6, 23; 28:20). This record corroborates the centrality of the resurrection that we observed in Acts 17.

After defending himself publicly before Felix the governor (Acts 24:1-23), Paul had many more private opportunities to speak to him (Acts 24:24-27). Luke specifies that on the first such opportunity, Felix heard Paul “concerning the faith in Christ” (Acts 24:24-25).

On that occasion, Paul “reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come” (Acts 24:25). This record corroborates Paul’s climaxing his witness at Mars Hill with testimony to the judgment to come (Acts 17:30-31).

We thus see that Acts 24 correlates directly with Acts 17 in supporting our understanding that Paul did not “fail” to preach the gospel at Mars Hill. Just the opposite, Paul’s continuing emphasis on the same truths shows that the resurrection and testimony about the judgment to come were central elements in his evangelism about “the faith in Christ” (Acts 24:24).[1]

Paul before Festus and Agrippa

Luke records at length Paul’s defense before Festus the governor and King Agrippa (Acts 25:23-26:29). Paul focused his testimony on his being on trial for the truth that God raises the dead (Acts 26:6, 8, 23).

After testifying to his preconversion persecution of believers (Acts 26:9-12), Paul related how Jesus appeared to him on the road to Damascus to arrest him and confront him about his persecuting Him (Acts 26:13-14). The subsequent record provides vital information about Paul’s commission from Jesus and his evangelistic practice throughout his life.

Paul testified that Jesus appeared to him to make him a minister and a witness (Acts 26:16). He added that Jesus commissioned him to go to the Gentiles (Acts 26:17) to “open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in [Jesus]” (Acts 26:18).

Next, Paul explained his obedience to the heavenly vision (Acts 26:19-23). His explanation provides the most comprehensive statements about his evangelistic ministry that we find anywhere.

In statements that were comprehensive ethnologically, geographically, chronologically, and socioeconomically, Paul highlighted his focus on testifying to aspects of his evangelism that many have missed—“showed . . . that they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet for repentance” (Acts 26:18, 22):

1. Ethnologically – Jews (“them of Damascus and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judaea”) and Gentiles (“and then to the Gentiles”)

2. Geographically – Where Paul first ministered (“First unto them at Damascus”) and everywhere else thereafter (“them of Damascus and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judaea, and then to the Gentiles”)

3. Chronologically – When Paul began his gospel ministry (“First unto them at Damascus”) right up to his present defense before Festus and Agrippa (“I continue unto this day” [Acts 26:22])

4. Socioeconomically – “witnessing both to small and great” (Acts 26:22)

Paul thus stressed that in his evangelism he demanded that everyone everywhere that he witnessed to throughout his life had to repent and turn to God and do works that showed that they had genuinely repented! His testimony here thus directly corroborates that his emphasis on universal repentance at the climax of his message at Mars Hill (Acts 17:30) was an unchanging element of his entire gospel ministry from its beginning to that very time when he was defending himself before these authorities.

Moreover, Paul made known here something vital that directly confirms the validity of the theme for our entire series—he demanded from all people that those who would be just people who live by their faith (cf. “receive forgiveness of their sins and inheritance among them which are sanctified by which that is in [Jesus]”) have a faith that produces works!

What were the works fitting for repentance that Paul testified to everyone about throughout his life? An analysis of the evangelistic record in the book of Acts shows us that being water baptized after salvation was certainly one of these works (cf. Acts 2:37-38; 10:47-48).

Because Paul is the pattern believer for all other believers (cf. 1 Cor. 11:1, etc.), his being a witness from the beginning of his Christian life (in Damascus; Acts 26:20) right to the end of his life implies that being a witness to others about the faith is another of those works. In support of this observation, we should note how Jesus told the demon-possessed man whom he delivered, “Go home to thy friends, and tell them how great things the Lord hath done for thee, and hath had compassion on thee” (Mark 5:19).

(This sermon provides much more detailed information from Acts 26 about how we are to follow Paul in evangelism.)

Paul in Rome

The ending of Acts provides two key accounts of Pauline evangelism in Rome (Acts 28:17-31). These accounts corroborate another key observation that we made previously in our series.

Twice at the end of Acts, Luke records that Paul was ministering to everyone about both the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ (Acts 28:23, 31). These statements confirm that the record of all believers in Thessalonica testifying to “another king, one Jesus” (Acts 17:7) was not just something that was true in that isolated setting.

Rather, testimony to the kingdom of God was the central focus of apostolic evangelism from beginning to end in the book of Acts (cf. Acts 2, 8, 10, 17, and 28). These concluding statements about Paul’s evangelistic ministry in Rome with everyone show that the gospel did not “change” from being a message about the kingdom of God and Jesus Christ to being a message just about Christ! (See this post for more information about this key point.)

 


[1] Concerning his witness to Felix, Bock concludes that “Jesus’s role as exalted judge is apparently a major point” (Acts in ECNT, 695).


See the rest of the posts in this series here.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Scripture does not explain when, how, or why Rahab became a harlot. What Scripture does present about her life, however, displays in a wonderful way the glorious hope that God’s redemption provides for the fallen.

Salvation from Perishing

Hearing what the Lord had done in bringing the Israelites through the Red Sea and how the Israelites were destroying surrounding peoples, Rahab the harlot came to fear the Lord as the true God (Josh. 2:9-11). By faith, she hid two spies who were sent by Joshua to spy out Jericho (Josh. 2:1-21).

Because of what she had done, the Israelites spared her and her entire household when they utterly destroyed Jericho (Josh. 6:17, 21, 23, 25a). Not only was she saved from perishing, but also she continued to live among the Israelites thereafter (Josh. 6:25b).

Rahab went from being a pagan to being a believer in the living and true God! She also became one of the relatively few Canaanites who were allowed to live and become one of His people.

Marriage, Motherhood, and a Glorious Posterity

Rahab was not just spared from unbelief and perishing; she also went from being a harlot to a being married to a prominent Israelite man, Salmon (Matt. 1:5), who was the son of Nahshon (1 Chron. 2:11; Matt. 1:4), a “leader of the sons of Judah” (1 Chron. 2:10)![1] God thus graciously redeemed her from her unbelief, spared her life, rescued her from the horrors of harlotry, and exalted her to marry into a leading family among His people!

Because Salmon was a member of a leading family, he would certainly have known of Rahab’s past. Yet, he still chose to marry her after she had been initially redeemed. Doing so, he became a gracious agent of God’s glorious continuing redemption of her life!

Moreover, through her marriage to Salmon, Rahab became the mother of Boaz (Matt. 1:5), who became the kinsman-redeemer to Ruth (Ruth 4:13-22)! God thus not only gave Rahab the joys of marriage and motherhood, He also used her son to redeem the life of Ruth, a virtuous Moabite woman who came to trust in the God of Israel, even as Rahab had!

Beyond that, Rahab became the great, great grandmother of King David (Matt. 1:5-6a), and ultimately, she became a foremother of Jesus the Christ (Matt. 1:6b-17)! God redeemed Rahab from harlotry and gave her a glorious posterity of which she could never have imagined!

Mentioned Three Times in the New Testament

Long after Rahab had lived her life and died, God exalted her in another way that she never had any possibility of expecting would ever happen—in addition to the record of her life in the book of Joshua, three New Testament books speak of her in key passages! God thus glorified Rahab in a way that few other women in history have experienced!

In his genealogy of Christ, Matthew writes, “And Salmon begat Booz [Boaz] of Rachab [Rahab]” (Matt. 1:5). Rahab has the unique distinction of being one of only five women named in this genealogy!

The writer of Hebrews commends her faith: “By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed not, when she had received the spies with peace” (Heb. 11:31). This commendation of Rahab, a former harlot, magnifies the wondrous redemption that God provided for her.

James cites Rahab as an example of someone whose justification was by a living faith that produced works: “Likewise also was not Rahab the harlot justified by works, when she had received the messengers, and had sent them out another way? 26 For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also” (James 2:25-26). This former harlot’s faith and works were thus exemplary, and God memorialized the glory of His redeeming this fallen woman by mentioning her explicitly in four books of Scripture!

Glorious Hope for the Fallen

The story of Rahab testifies to how great a redemption God has made available for fallen people! Although she once was a Canaanite harlot, she repented and believed in Yahweh as the true and living God.

Because she repented and believed in Him, He redeemed her life in ways that she could never have dreamed of when she was a harlot. Her story provides a glorious hope to fallen people whose lives have been ruined by sin—whether their own, of others, or both.

Moreover, Scripture’s silence about the circumstances of how she became a harlot suggest that God wants fallen people to turn their thoughts away from whatever may have caused them to fall and focus instead on the glorious possibilities of whatever God would see fit to do for them in His redeeming love for them. Like Joseph, who through God’s goodness to him was made to forget the injustices that he experienced at the hands of others (Gen. 41:51-52), God wants fallen people to be delivered from bondage to their past.

If you are a fallen person, God offers you this glorious hope through repentance toward Him and faith in Jesus Christ. Turn to Him in faith and He will redeem your life for His glory and your good, both in this life and the life to come!



[1] Nahshon was “Aaron’s brother-in-law (Ex. 6:23; AV gives ‘Naashon’), son of Amminadab and prince of Judah (Nu. 1:7; 2:3; 7:12, 17; 10:14; 1 Ch. 2:10)” (New Bible Dictionary, 809).

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.

Healthcare is one of the biggest concerns in the US today. All over our country, people long for better healthcare and seek means of improving their health.

Scripture has much to say about human health and factors that affect it. I recently read a remarkable “healthcare” statement in Deuteronomy concerning Israel that gripped me with a force that I do not remember having experienced before.

The Lord’s Promise to Take Away All Sickness from Israel

In one of his addresses about the Law that God gave to Israel, Moses included an incredible statement about what God would do for Israel if they were faithful to Him (cf. Deut. 7:11-12): 

Deu 7:15 And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee.

The fact that these promises were set before sinful humans makes it all the more intriguing to me. Imagine living in a country where no one was ever sick!

Tragically, Israel failed miserably to be faithful to God and never experienced the fulfillment of this blessed “healthcare” promise of having the Lord take away all sickness from her. Israel thus came short of a glory that God intended for her that was supposed to be a part of her distinctive excellence among the nations of the world.

Remarkable Parallel Teaching in Scripture Concerning Health Promises to Israel

Parallel teaching elsewhere in Scripture corroborates God’s intent to bless His chosen people in this remarkable way:

Pro 3:7 Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD, and depart from evil.  8 It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones.

Pro 4:20 My son, attend to my words; incline thine ear unto my sayings. 21 Let them not depart from thine eyes; keep them in the midst of thine heart. 22 For they are life unto those that find them, and health to all their flesh.

Proverbs 4:22 is especially striking because it declares that attention to God’s words would be health to the entire body of those who find them! Correlating Deuteronomy 7:15 with Proverbs 4:20-22 points to God’s continuing promise to bless with remarkable health those in Israel who would diligently attend to His Word and way.

Beyond these statements in Proverbs, reflecting on what God promised to Israel in Deuteronomy 7:15 seems to illumine many passages in the New Testament in a way that I have never appreciated before.

The Remarkable New Testament Record Concerning God’s Blessing Israel Concerning Her Health

The New Testament record of the lives and ministries of Jesus and His apostles includes many incredible statements about what God did for the health of people in Israel at that time:

Mat 4:23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people.

24 And his fame went throughout all Syria: and they brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and those which were possessed with devils, and those which were lunatick, and those that had the palsy; and he healed them.

 Mat 8:16 When the even was come, they brought unto him many that were possessed with devils: and he cast out the spirits with his word, and healed all that were sick: 

 Mat 9:35 And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every disease among the people.

Mat 10:1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

Mat 12:15 But when Jesus knew it, he withdrew himself from thence: and great multitudes followed him, and he healed them all;

Luk 6:17 And he came down with them, and stood in the plain, and the company of his disciples, and a great multitude of people out of all Judaea and Jerusalem, and from the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, which came to hear him, and to be healed of their diseases . . . 19 And the whole multitude sought to touch him: for there went virtue out of him, and healed them all.

Act 5:16 There came also a multitude out of the cities round about unto Jerusalem, bringing sick folks, and them which were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed every one.

Act 10:38 How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.

At times, God even granted widespread gracious healing to people who were not in Israel: 

Act 8:7 For unclean spirits, crying with loud voice, came out of many that were possessed with them: and many taken with palsies, and that were lame, were healed.

Act 28:9 So when this was done, others also, which had diseases in the island, came, and were healed:

Taken together, these many passages document how God graciously granted healing to multitudes of people who had not been obedient to Him in the way that Deuteronomy 7:11-15 spoke of concerning the Israelites! Furthermore, God’s extending his gracious healing to non-Israelites encourages me to think that the most important healthcare measures that we could take in our country today would be to turn  wholeheartedly as a nation to the Lord our God and heed His Word and all His ways.

Copyright © 2011-2024 by Rajesh Gandhi. All rights reserved.